• Day 9: Shame & Guilt

    In Theory: Shame and guilt in psychodynamic theory are distinct emotional experiences that shape how the self relates to wrongdoing and exposure.…

  • Day 8: Internalization

    In Theory: The voices, expectations, and ways of being of early caregivers do not remain external but become part of the inner…

  • Day 7: Attachment

    In Theory: John Bowlby proposed that human beings are organized around the need for attachment and the search for closeness with a…

  • Day 6: Free Association

    In Theory: Free association is a fundamental method within the psychodynamic tradition that becomes possible only within a structure that can hold…

  • Day 5: The Therapist’s Neutrality

    In Theory: Classical psychodynamic theory prized the therapist as a kind of mirror, reflecting without adding advice, judgment, or personal agenda. Contemporary…

  • Day 4: The Holding Environment

    In Theory: D. W. Winnicott described the holding environment as something warmer than structure alone. For an infant, holding is literal, involving…

  • Day 3: Early Relationships

    In Theory: The object relations tradition, developed by British analysts such as Melanie Klein, proposed that the human mind is shaped at…

  • Day 2: The Therapeutic Frame

    In Theory: The unconscious cannot be approached directly, and the psychodynamic tradition dictates that it requires a structure that can hold what…

  • Day 1: The Unconscious

    In Theory: Psychodynamic theory begins with the single unsettling proposition that much of what drives us is not available to awareness. Sigmund…

  • Good Enough Elul: What This Is and Is Not

    A New Approach to Elul This is not a guide to teshuva, an approach to moral accounting, or an attempt to deepen…

  • I’m a Psychodynamic Therapist. Here’s What That Means.

    Often, when I tell people I’m a therapist, they assume I offer practical advice or protocol-driven interventions, a view shaped partly by…